Adderall (dextroamphetamine-amphetamine).
Adderall is the trade name of mixed amphetamine salts. It is a prescription medication used to manage Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy.
Adderall is a combination of amphetamine and dextroamphetamine. It is classified as a Schedule II drug, which means it has known medical uses. Still, its use is severely restricted since it has the potential for psychological or physical dependence and addiction.

What is Adderall and How Does it Work?
Adderall (mixed amphetamine salts) influences the central nervous system, specifically increasing the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain. These neurotransmitters are important for paying attention, staying focused, and controlling our impulses.
Enhanced dopamine and norepinephrine activity in the brain helps individuals with ADHD improve concentration and manage impulsive behaviors. It also helps narcolepsy patients stay awake by stimulating brain activity.
What Conditions Does Adderall Treat?
Adderall is approved to treat the following conditions.
ADHD
Adderall is one of the most prescribed medications for ADHD. It helps manage symptoms like hyperactivity, inattention, and impulsivity. Using Adderall as prescribed can help enhance academic performance and interpersonal relationships for individuals struggling with these symptoms.
Narcolepsy
For those with narcolepsy, Adderall reduces excessive daytime sleepiness by stimulating the brain, allowing patients to stay awake and alert during the day.
Off-Label Uses of Adderall
In rare cases, Adderall is prescribed for off-label uses, such as treating depression or anxiety that are resistant to traditional treatments. However, Adderall is FDA-approved only for ADHD and narcolepsy. There’s not much evidence for its effectiveness in treating other conditions.
Adderall Dosage and Administration Guidelines
Adderall has two forms: immediate-release and extended-release.
- Immediate-release (IR): This drug provides quick relief, lasting about 4-8 hours. It is typically prescribed for individuals needing short-term effects.
- Extended-release (XR): This form offers a gradual release of the medication, lasting up to 12 hours. It is ideal for those who require prolonged symptom management.
Dosage Guidelines
Adderall dosage varies depending on the treated condition, the patient’s age, and their response to the medication.
For ADHD, children often start with a lower dose, which can be gradually increased based on effectiveness and tolerance. Adults typically require higher doses.
Narcolepsy treatment generally follows a similar approach but with tailored adjustments.
Dosage usually increases by 2.5 or 5 mg weekly until you find an optimal response.
Maximum doses typically range from 40 to 60 mg per day in multiple doses, depending on age, condition, and Adderall form.
How to Use Adderall Safely
The following tips will help you take Adderall safely:
- Take Adderall exactly as prescribed by your medic.
- Avoid taking it late in the day to prevent insomnia.
- Do not mix Adderall with alcohol or other stimulants.
- Don’t mix it with fruit juices or take vitamin C, as these can cause your body to absorb less of the medication and reduce its effectiveness.
- Consult a healthcare provider before making any changes to the dosage.
Adderall Side Effects
Common side effects of Adderall include:
- Loss of appetite
- Insomnia
- Dry mouth
- Increased heart rate
- Nervousness or restlessness
Serious Side Effects
- Heart palpitations
- Severe mood swings
- Chest pain
- Difficulty breathing
Seek immediate medical attention if you experience any of these serious side effects.
Long-Term Use Risks
Prolonged use of Adderall may lead to dependency, cardiovascular issues, and mental health challenges such as anxiety or depression. Monitoring by a healthcare provider is essential for long-term users.
Additionally, Adderall may not be suitable for people with a history of mental illness. Other conditions that may prevent Adderall use include the following:
- Glaucoma
- Overactive thyroid
- High blood pressure
- Heart disease
- Coronary artery disease
- Vascular disease
- A history of drug or alcohol addiction
Is Adderall Addictive?
Adderall’s stimulant properties make it prone to misuse, especially among students and professionals seeking enhanced focus or energy. Signs of misuse or addiction include:
- Taking higher doses than prescribed
- Experiencing cravings for more Adderall
- Using the medication without a prescription
If you or someone close to you is using Adderall in high doses, without prescription, or in any way other than prescribed, you should seek professional help.
Adderall Withdrawal and Discontinuation
Taking Adderall as prescribed usually means you can interrupt its use without major side effects. However, if you take too much or too often, interrupting its use can lead to side effects like:
- Fatigue
- Depression, irritability, and other mood changes
- Sleep disturbances
- Insomnia
- Nausea
- Stomach aches or cramping
- Vomiting
Depending on individual factors, withdrawal symptoms can last a few days or several weeks.
Even if you’re taking Adderall as prescribed, you should always talk to your care provider before discontinuing its use. Your care provider will create a plan to interrupt use that likely involves gradually reducing your dose.
Adderall Alternatives
If you’re considering treatment for ADHD or narcolepsy, consider these alternatives.
Over-the-Counter Alternatives
- Pycnogenol: A French maritime pine bark extract that could help with ADHD due to its antioxidant properties. However, there needs to be more evidence of its effectiveness.
- Vitamin B6: This vitamin facilitates the production of serotonin. Additionally, having a normal level of vitamin B6 could help alleviate ADHD symptoms. However, it is likely less effective at improving symptoms than Adderall.
- Ginkgo Biloba mixed with ginseng: Ginkgo Biloba is the extract of the ginkgo tree leaf. An infusion of Ginkgo Biloba and ginseng may help improve ADHD symptoms, but more evidence is necessary.
Non-Stimulant Medications
- Strattera (Atomoxetine): A non-stimulant option for ADHD that works differently from Adderall but can be effective for managing symptoms.
- Guanfacine and Clonidine: Often prescribed for children, these medications help manage impulsivity and hyperactivity.
Behavioral and Lifestyle Strategies
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): Assists in developing coping mechanisms and organizational skills.
- Time Management Tools: Apps and planners tailored for ADHD can help structure daily routines.
- Healthy Habits: Regular exercise, a balanced diet, and adequate sleep can significantly improve focus and mood.
Natural Alternatives
- Supplements: Omega-3 fatty acids and zinc have shown potential benefits for some ADHD patients.
Mindfulness Practices: Meditation and yoga can help improve attention and reduce anxiety.
Frequently Asked Questions About Adderall
Can Adderall Be Used Long-Term?
While effective for many, long-term use carries risks, including dependency and cardiovascular issues. Regularly check in with your care provider to determine whether you should continue to take Adderall.
How Does Adderall XR Differ From IR?
Adderall XR is a slow-release medication that is effective for up to 12 hours. IR offers faster but shorter relief, lasting up to 8 hours.
Is Adderall Safe for Children and Teens?
When prescribed and monitored by a healthcare provider, Adderall is generally safe for children and teens with ADHD. Dosage adjustments and regular follow-ups help mitigate risks.
Don’t Struggle Alone.
Get Help Today.
Reaching out for help for yourself or a loved one can be overwhelming and stressful, but it doesn’t have to be. If you are struggling to find the right help, or even know where to get started, please feel free to call our 24/7 helpline.
Begin your mental health journey right now!
